Springboot+Vue实现简单的前端后分离数据交互

目录

create table test_user
(
    id         int(20) auto_increment comment '用户id'
        primary key,
    name       varchar(30) null comment '用户姓名',
    sex        tinyint(1)  null comment '性别（1为男，0为女）',
    address    varchar(45) null comment '用户地址',
    createTime datetime    null,
    constraint id_index
        unique (id) comment 'id为唯一索引'
);

构建存储过程快速插入100条数据，详情方法查看如何使用存储过程快速插入数据

 2.1.2，在IDEA里创建一个SpringBoot项目，并导入相关依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--        MP代码生成器依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-generator</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        3.0版本的swagger依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.83</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.5</version>
        </dependency>

2.1.3，配置yml文件里面的数据库配置

server:
  port: 8090
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    password: 123456
    username: root
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_user?&useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC
  mvc:
    format:
      date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm



mybatis-plus:
  mapper-locations: classPath*:/mapper/*.xml
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: false # 禁止大写变小写时自动添加下划线
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

2.1.4，通过MyBatis-plus代码生成器，直接构建基础的项目结构(pojo，service，dao，serviceImpl，controller)，通过MyBatis-Plus自动生成代码后，我们基本的一些代码全部省去了，包括业务需要的简单增删改查也全部轻松自动搞定。需要注意的是，自动生成的代码并不能完全适用于我们所有业务，如果业务需求有变，还是需要我们自己手动编写动态SQL，不要过于依赖框架哦~~~~这样后端基本的框架就搭建成功了

2.1.5， 考虑到在前后端数据对介绍会涉及到跨域问题，接口文档对接问题，因此需要简单编写一下跨域，Swagger的配置类。

package com.yy.Config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;

/**
 * @author young
 * @date 2022/8/23 17:33
 * @description: 跨域配置
 */
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig {
    /**
     * 最大有效时长
     */
    private static final  long MAX_TIMEOUT=24*60*60;
    @Bean
    public CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration(){
        CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration();
        corsConfiguration.setMaxAge(MAX_TIMEOUT);
        //设置访问源请求头
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*");
        //设置访问源地址
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*");
        //设置访问源请求方法
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*");
        return corsConfiguration;
    }

    /**
     * 设置跨域配置
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public CorsFilter corsFilter(){
        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**",corsConfiguration());
        return new CorsFilter(source);
    }
}

package com.yy.Config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.core.env.Profiles;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;

import java.util.ArrayList;

@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2//开启Swagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {

    //添加分组
    @Bean
    public Docket docket1(){
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).groupName("黎治跃");
    }

    //配置Swagger的Docket的bean实例
    @Bean
    public Docket docket(Environment environment){

        //设置要显示的Swagger环境
        Profiles profiles = Profiles.of("dev", "test");
        //获取项目环境
        boolean b = environment.acceptsProfiles(profiles);
        System.out.println(b);

        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).groupName("YY")
            .apiInfo(apiInfo())
            .enable(b)  //是否启动Swagger，false，则浏览器无法访问Swagger
            .select()
            //RequestHandlerSelectors,配置要扫描的接口方式
            //basePackage指定要扫描的包
            //any : 扫描全部
            //none :不扫描
            //withClassAnnotation : 扫描类上的注解
            .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.yy.controller"))
            //path :过滤路径
            //.paths(PathSelectors.ant("/yy/**"))
            .build();
}

//配置Swagger信息=apiinfo

    private ApiInfo apiInfo(){
        Contact contact = new Contact("YY", "https://www.4399.com", "2463252763@qq.com");
        return new ApiInfo("YY的SwaggerAPI文档", 
            "黎治跃失恋了，2022/8/19",
            "1.0v",
            "urn:tos",
             contact, 
            "Apache 2.0", 
            "http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0",
            new ArrayList<>());
    }
}

为了更好地清晰的让我们获取的信息与前端统一，也可以编写一个统一返回值的类，让返回结果以自定义的JSON格式展示出来，方便我们阅读。

 定义一个方便获取常量的枚举类

/**
 * @author young
 * @date 2022/8/19 21:36
 * @description: 响应结果枚举类
 */

@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public enum ResponseEnum {
   /**响应成功**/
   SUCCESS(200, "操作成功"),
   /**操作失败*/
   FAIL(201,"获取数据失败"),
   /**错误请求**/
   ERROR(400,"错误请求"),
   /**页面未找到**/
   NOT_FOUND(404,"页面未找到"),
   /**系统异常**/
   SYS_ERROR(-1,"系统异常"),
  /*信息已存在*/
  MSG_ERROR(409,"信息已存在");
   /**响应码**/
   private final Integer code;
   
   /** 结果 **/
   private  final String  resultMessage;
   
   public static ResponseEnum getResultCode(Integer code){
      for (ResponseEnum value : ResponseEnum.values()) {
         if (code.equals(value.getCode())){
            return value;
         }
      }
      return ResponseEnum.ERROR;
   }
/*
简单测试一下
 */
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ResponseEnum resultCode = ResponseEnum.getResultCode(100);
      System.out.println(resultCode);
   }
}

定义统一返回值的类 

package com.yy.utils;
import com.yy.enums.ResponseEnum;
import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author young
 * @date 2022/8/19 21:52
 * @description: 统一返回结果的类
 */

@Data
public class  R<T> implements Serializable {
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 56665257248936049L;
    /**响应码**/
    private Integer code;

    /**返回消息**/
    private String message;

    /**返回数据**/
    private T data;

   private R(){}
    /**
     * 操作成功ok方法
     */
    public static <T> R<T> ok(T data) {

        R<T> response = new R<>();
        response.setCode(ResponseEnum.SUCCESS.getCode());
        response.setMessage(ResponseEnum.SUCCESS.getResultMessage());
        response.setData(data);
        return response;
    }

    /**
     * 编译失败方法
     */
    public static <T> R<T> buildFailure(Integer errCode, String errMessage){

        R<T> response = new R<>();
        response.setCode(errCode);
        response.setMessage(errMessage);
        return response;
    }

}

 如果需要在后端对获取的响应数据用mybatis-plus进行分页呢。还需要配置一下mybatis-plus的配置类

/**
 * @author young
 * @date 2022/8/29 21:27
 * @description: MyBatis-Plus分页配置
 */
@Configuration
@MapperScan("com.yy.dao")
public class MyBatisPlusConfig {
    @Bean
    public MybatisPlusInterceptor mybatisPlusInterceptor(){

        MybatisPlusInterceptor interceptor = new MybatisPlusInterceptor();
        PaginationInnerInterceptor paginationInnerInterceptor = new PaginationInnerInterceptor(DbType.MYSQL);
        // 设置请求的页面大于最大页后操作， true调回到首页，false 继续请求  默认false
        // paginationInnerInterceptor.setOverflow(false);
        // 设置最大单页限制数量，默认 500 条，-1 不受限制
        // paginationInnerInterceptor.setMaxLimit(500L);
        interceptor.addInnerInterceptor(paginationInnerInterceptor);
        return interceptor;

    }
}

当然，这个并不是必须的，后面在前端通过element-plus也能对数据自动进行分页展示，个人认为更加方便，没有必要在后端进行分页。如果是为了更好的按条件查询或其他之用，也可以考虑 。

2.1.6，编写controller去提取前端页面需要的数据

/**
 * @author young
 * @date 2022/8/26 9:36
 * @description:
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mysql")
public class TestUserController {
    private static final DateFormat dataFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    @Resource
    private TestUserServiceImpl testUserService;
/*                            前后端分离测试                    */

    /**
     * 添加用户
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/addUserTo")
    public R<Object> addUser(HttpServletRequest request) {
        JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
        String name = request.getParameter("name").trim();
        String sex = request.getParameter("sex").trim();
        String address = request.getParameter("address").trim();
        String createTime = request.getParameter("createTime").trim();
        if ("".equals(name)) {
            object.put("code", 0);
            object.put("msg", "用户不能为空");
            return R.ok(object);
        }
        TestUser user = new TestUser();
        Date date = new Date();
        try {
            date = dataFormat.parse(createTime);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        user.setName(name);
        user.setSex(Boolean.valueOf(sex));
        user.setAddress(address);
        user.setCreateTime(date);
        try {
            boolean add = testUserService.save(user);
           
            if (add) {
                object.put("code", 1);
                object.put("success", true);
                object.put("msg", "添加成功");
                object.put("type", "success");
                return R.ok(object);
            } else {
                object.put("code", 0);
                object.put("success", false);
                object.put("msg", "添加失败");
                object.put("type", "error");
                return R.buildFailure(ResponseEnum.FAIL.getCode(), ResponseEnum.FAIL.getResultMessage());
            }
        } catch (DuplicateKeyException e) {
            object.put("code", 2);
            object.put("success", false);
            object.put("msg", "用户已存在");
            object.put("type", "error");
            return R.buildFailure(ResponseEnum.MSG_ERROR.getCode(), ResponseEnum.MSG_ERROR.getResultMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 前端获取所有数据
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/getAllTo")
    public R<List<TestUser>> allUser() {
        return R.ok(testUserService.list());
    }

    /**
     * 返回指定id的用户
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/getById")
    public R<TestUser> getById(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String id = request.getParameter("id");
        TestUser user = testUserService.getById(id);
        return R.ok(user);
    }

    /**
     * 删除用户
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    @DeleteMapping("deleteUserTo")
    public R<Boolean> deleteUserTo(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String id = request.getParameter("id");
        return R.ok(testUserService.removeById(id));
    }

    /**
     * 更新用户信息
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping("/updateUserTo")
    public R<Object> updateUserTo(HttpServletRequest request) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        String id = request.getParameter("id").trim();
        String name = request.getParameter("name").trim();
        String sex = request.getParameter("sex").trim();
        String address = request.getParameter("address").trim();
        String createTime = request.getParameter("createTime").trim();
        TestUser testUser = new TestUser();
        Date date = new Date();
        try {
            date = dataFormat.parse(createTime);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        testUser.setId(Integer.parseInt(id));
        testUser.setName(name);
        testUser.setSex(Boolean.valueOf(sex));
        testUser.setAddress(address);
        testUser.setCreateTime(date);
        boolean res = testUserService.updateById(testUser);
        if (res) {
            jsonObject.put("code", 1);
            jsonObject.put("msg", "修改成功！");
             R.ok(jsonObject).toString();
            return R.ok(jsonObject);
        } else {
            jsonObject.put("code", 0);
            jsonObject.put("msg", "修改失败");
            return R.buildFailure(ResponseEnum.FAIL.getCode(), ResponseEnum.FAIL.getResultMessage());
        }
    }
}

最后，通过接口测试工具(Swagger，ApiPost，Postman都可)对我们写的数据接口测试一下，数据返回值符合预期的话，那么后端代码就该一段落了！

2.2，前端部分

前端主要通Vue框架构建项目，主要是对客户端界面进行构造。由于笔者对于前端基础不怎么好，因此主要用Element-Plus进行界面构造，axios解决前后端交互。vue使用的是vue3，但是函数方法上仍旧采用的vue2的形式，主要实现过程如下：

2.2.1，在main.js上全局配置需要使用到的插件

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import 'element-plus/dist/index.css'
import App from './App.vue'
import * as ELIcons from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
// 配置路由器
import router from './router'

import './assets/global.css'
createApp(App).use(router).use(ELIcons).use(ElementPlus,{size:'small'}).mount('#app')

2.2.2，封装aixos请求后端的请求方式request.js

import axios from 'axios'
import {BASE_URL} from '../util/name'

axios.defaults.timeout = 5000 // 超时时间设置
axios.defaults.baseURL = BASE_URL
// Content-Type 响应头
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8'

// response 拦截器
// 可以在接口响应后统一处理结果
axios.interceptors.response.use(
    response => {
        let res = response.data;
        // 如果是返回的文件
        if (response.config.responseType === 'blob') {
            return res
        }
        // 兼容服务端返回的字符串数据
        if (typeof res === 'string') {
            res = res ? JSON.parse(res) : res
        }
        return res;
    }
    ,
    error => {
        console.log('err' + error) // for debug
        return Promise.reject(error)
    }
)


/**
   * 封装get方法
   * @param url
   * @param data
   * @returns {Promise}
   */
 export function get (url, params = {}, responseType = 'json') {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      axios.get(url, {
        params: params,
        responseType
      })
        .then(response => {
          resolve(response.data)
        })
        .catch(err => {
          reject(err)
        })
    })
  }
  
  /**
     * 封装post请求
     * @param url
     * @param data
     * @returns {Promise}
     */
  export function post (url, data = {}) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      axios.post(url, data)
        .then(response => {
          resolve(response.data)
        }, err => {
          reject(err)
        })
    })
  }
  
  /**
     * 封装delete请求
     * @param url
     * @param data
     * @returns {Promise}
     */
  export function deletes (url, data = {}) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      axios.delete(url, data)
        .then(response => {
          resolve(response.data)
        }, err => {
          reject(err)
        })
    })
  }

2.2.3，封装前后端api对应的请求接口index.js

import {get,post,deletes} from '../util/request'
const HttpManager={

  // 前端用到的函数            后端对应的接口
   //返回所有用户 
  getAllUser: () => get(`mysql/getAllTo`),
  // 返回指定ID的用户
  getUserOfId: (id) => get(`mysql/getById?id=${id}`),
  // 添加用户
  addUser: (params) => post(`mysql/addUserTo`, params),
  // 更新用户信息
  updateUserMsg: (params) => post(`mysql/updateUserTo`, params),
  // 删除用户
  deleteUser: (id) => deletes(`mysql/deleteUserTo?id=${id}`),
  //模糊查询
  likeSelect:(params)=>get(`mysql/likeSelect`,params)
}
export {HttpManager} 

2.2.4，提取公共的methos，放在mixins中，这样就能将共用的功能以对象的方式传入 mixins选项中，当组件使用 mixins对象时所有mixins对象的选项都将被混入该组件本身的选项中来，这样就可以提高代码的重用性，使代码保持干净和易于维护。

<!--mixins/index.js-->

export const mixin = {
  methods: {
    // 获取要删除列表的id
    handleDelete (id) {
      this.idx = id
      this.delVisible = true
    },
    // 获取批量要删除的列表
    handleSelectionChange (val) {
      this.multipleSelection = val
    },
    // 批量删除
    delAll () {
      console.log("执行该方法")
      for (let item of this.multipleSelection) {
        this.handleDelete(item.id)
        this.deleteRow(item.id)
      }
      this.multipleSelection = []
    },
    getTime (val) {
      let time = String(val).match(/[0-9-]+(?=\s)/)
      return Array.isArray(time) ? time[0] : time
    },
    changeSex (value) {
      if (value === false) {
        return '女'
      } else if (value === true) {
        return '男'
      }
    },
    toggleSex (value) {
      if (value === '女') {
        return false
      } else if (value === '男') {
        return true
      }
    },
    // 更新图片
    handleAvatarSuccess (res, file) {
      if (res.code === 1) {
        this.imageUrl = URL.createObjectURL(file.raw)
        this.getData()
        this.$notify({
          title: '上传成功',
          type: 'success'
        })
      } else {
        this.$notify({
          title: '上传失败',
          type: 'error'
        })
      }
    },
    beforeAvatarUpload (file) {
      const isJPG = (file.type === 'image/jpeg') || (file.type === 'image/png')
      const isLt2M = file.size / 1024 / 1024 < 2
      if (!isJPG) {
        this.$message.error('上传头像图片只能是 JPG 格式!')
      }
      if (!isLt2M) {
        this.$message.error('上传头像图片大小不能超过 2MB!')
      }
      return isJPG && isLt2M
    },

  }
}

 2.2.5，抽离出侧边栏组件AsiderBody，头部组件HeaderBody，直接从官网提取，并进行简单的样式更改

<!--HeaderBody.vue -->
<template>
   <!-- 收缩 -->
   <div  style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 60px; display: flex">
        <div style="flex: 1;font-size: 20px">
          <el-icon style="cursor: pointer" @click="collapse"><Fold /></el-icon>
        </div>
        <div class="toolbar" style="width: 70px">
          <el-dropdown style="cursor: pointer">
            <el-icon style="margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 24px"
              ><ArrowDown
            /></el-icon>
            <template #dropdown>
              <el-dropdown-menu>
                <el-dropdown-item>个人信息</el-dropdown-item>
                <el-dropdown-item>退出</el-dropdown-item>
              </el-dropdown-menu>
            </template>
          </el-dropdown>
          <span>张三</span>
        </div>
   </div>
</template>

<script>
import {Fold,ArrowDown} from '@element-plus/icons-vue'
export default {
name:'HeaderBody',
components:{
Fold,
ArrowDown
},
props:['collapse'],
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

<!--AsiderBody.vue -->
<template>
  <el-scrollbar style="background-color: #304156">
    <el-menu
      :default-openeds="['1', '3']"
      background-color="#304156"
      text-color="rgb(91, 119, 211)"
      active-text-color="#ffd04b"
      overflow="hidden"
      :collapse="isCollapse"
      :collapse-transition="false"
      router
    >
      <!-- 添加头部log -->
      <div style="height: 60px; line-height: 60px; text-align: center">
        <img
          src="../assets/yp.png"
          style="width: 20px; posotion: relative; top: 5px; margin-right: 5px"
        />
        <b style="color: white" v-show="logoTestShow">后台管理系统</b>
      </div>
      <el-sub-menu index="/">
        <template #title>
          <el-icon><Menu /></el-icon><span>导航 主页</span>
        </template>
        <el-menu-item-group>
          <template #title>分组 1</template>
          <el-menu-item index="/user">用户管理 1</el-menu-item>
          <el-menu-item index="/about">关于-登录</el-menu-item>
        </el-menu-item-group>
        <el-menu-item-group title="分组 2">
          <el-menu-item index="1-3">选项 3</el-menu-item>
        </el-menu-item-group>
        <el-sub-menu index="1-4">
          <template #title>选项4</template>
          <el-menu-item index="1-4-1">选项 4-1</el-menu-item>
        </el-sub-menu>
      </el-sub-menu>
      <el-sub-menu insdex="2">
        <template #title>
          <el-icon><Message /></el-icon>
          <span>导航 Two</span>
        </template>
        <el-menu-item-group>
          <template #title>分组 1</template>
          <el-menu-item index="2-1">选项 1</el-menu-item>
          <el-menu-item index="2-2">选项 2</el-menu-item>
        </el-menu-item-group>
        <el-menu-item-group title="Group 2">
          <el-menu-item index="2-3">选项 3</el-menu-item>
        </el-menu-item-group>
        <el-sub-menu index="2-4">
          <template #title>选项 4</template>
          <el-menu-item index="2-4-1">选项 4-1</el-menu-item>
        </el-sub-menu>
      </el-sub-menu>
      <el-sub-menu index="3">
        <template #title>
          <el-icon><House /></el-icon>
          <span>导航 Three</span>
        </template>
        <el-menu-item-group>
          <template #title>分组 1</template>
          <el-menu-item index="3-1">选项 1</el-menu-item>
          <el-menu-item index="3-2">选项 2</el-menu-item>
        </el-menu-item-group>
        <el-menu-item-group title="Group 2">
          <el-menu-item index="3-3">选项 3</el-menu-item>
        </el-menu-item-group>
        <el-sub-menu index="3-4">
          <template #title>选项 4</template>
          <el-menu-item index="3-4-1">选项 4-1</el-menu-item>
        </el-sub-menu>
      </el-sub-menu>
    </el-menu>
  </el-scrollbar>
</template>

<script>
import { Menu, Message, House } from "@element-plus/icons-vue";
export default {
  name: "AsiderBody",
  props: {
    isCollapse: Boolean,
    logoTestShow: Boolean,
  },
  components: {
    Menu,
    Message,
    House,
  },
};
</script>

<style>
</style>

2.2.6，构建主要的信息展示界面，这样只有el-main里面的内容会随路由的改变而切换，而侧边栏AsiderBody，头部栏HeaderBody不会改动，从而实现组件复用。

<!--HomePage.vue-->
<template>
  <el-container class="layout-container-demo" style="height: 100vh">
    <el-aside :width="sideWidth + 'px'" background-color="rgb(238,241,246)">
    <asider-body :isCollapse="isCollapse" :logoTestShow="logoTestShow" :collapse="collapse"/>
    </el-aside>

    <el-container>
      <el-header style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc">
       <HeaderBody :collapse="isCollapse"/>
      </el-header>

      <el-main style="margin-left: 40px">
       <router-view/>
      </el-main>
    </el-container>
  </el-container>
</template>

<script>

import { mixin } from "../mixins/index";
import AsiderBody from "@/components/AsiderBody.vue"
import HeaderBody from "@/components/HeaderBody.vue"
export default {
  name: "HomePage",
  mixins: [mixin],
  components: {
    AsiderBody,
    HeaderBody
  },
  data() {
    return {
      isCollapse: false,
      sideWidth: 200,
      logoTestShow: true,
    }
  },
  methods:{
            // 收缩侧边栏
    collapse() {
      this.isCollapse = !this.isCollapse;
      if (this.isCollapse) {
        (this.sideWidth = 64), (this.logoTestShow = false);
      } else {
        (this.sideWidth = 200), (this.logoTestShow = true);
      }
    },
}
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.layout-container-demo .el-header {
  position: relative;
  background-color: var(--el-color-primary-light-7);
  color: var(--el-text-color-primary);
}
.layout-container-demo .el-aside {
  color: var(--el-text-color-primary);
  background: var(--el-color-primary-light-8);
}
.layout-container-demo .el-menu {
  border-right: none;
}
.layout-container-demo .el-main {
  padding: 0;
}
.layout-container-demo .toolbar {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100%;
  right: 20px;
}

</style>

2.2.7，用户信息展示界面构造，以及相关函数编写调用

<!--UserMsg.vue-->
<template>
  <div>
       <div style="margin-top: 20px; text-size: 20px">
          <el-breadcrumb separator="/">
            <el-breadcrumb-item :to="{ path: '/' }">首页</el-breadcrumb-item>
            <el-breadcrumb-item
              ><a href="/user">用户信息</a></el-breadcrumb-item
            ></el-breadcrumb
          >
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top: 10px">
          <el-input
            v-model="select_word"
            placeholder="筛选相关用户"
            style="width: 200px"
          >
            <template #suffix>
              <el-icon><Search /></el-icon>
            </template>
          </el-input>
          <el-button
            round
            color="#db6b2b"
            class="ml-5"
            plain
            @click="reSet"
          >
            重置</el-button
          >
        </div>
        <div style="padding: 10px 0; display: inline-flex">
          <el-button type="primary" @click="delAll"
            >批量删除
            <el-icon><DeleteFilled /></el-icon>
          </el-button>
          <el-button
            type="primary"
            class="mr-5"
            @click="centerDialogVisible = true"
          >
            添加用户<el-icon><Plus /></el-icon>
          </el-button>
          <el-upload
            ref="upload"
            action="#"
            accept=".xlsx, .xls"
            :auto-upload="false"
            :on-change="uploadFile"
            :show-file-list="false"
          >
            <el-button type="primary" class="ml-5">
              导入数据<el-icon><Download /></el-icon>
            </el-button>
          </el-upload>
          <el-button
            type="primary"
            style="margin-left: 10px"
            @click="exportE()"
          >
            导出数据<el-icon><Upload /></el-icon>
          </el-button>
        </div>
        <el-table
          :data="datas"
          style="text-align: center"
          border
          stripe
          @selection-change="handleSelectionChange"
        >
          <el-table-column
            type="selection"
            width="40"
            align="center"
          ></el-table-column>
          <el-table-column prop="id" label="ID" width="80px" align="center" />
          <el-table-column
            prop="createTime"
            label="日期"
            width="240px"
            align="center"
          >
            <!-- <template v-slot="scope">
              <div>{{ getTime(scope.row.createTime) }}</div>
            </template> -->
          </el-table-column>
          <el-table-column
            prop="name"
            label="姓名"
            width="200px"
            align="center"
          />
          <el-table-column prop="sex" label="性别" width="200px" align="center">
            <!--  eslint-disable-next-line -->
            <template v-slot="scope">
              <div>{{ changeSex(scope.row.sex) }}</div>
            </template>
          </el-table-column>
          <el-table-column
            prop="address"
            label="地址"
            width="200px"
            align="center"
          />
          <el-table-column label="操作" align="center">
            <!-- 解决scope没被使用的问题 -->
            <!--  eslint-disable-next-line -->
            <template v-slot="scope">
              <el-button
                type="success"
                class="mr-5"
                @click="handleEdit(scope.row)"
                >编辑<el-icon><Edit /></el-icon
              ></el-button>
              <el-button
                type="danger"
                class="mr-5"
                @click="handleDelete(scope.row.id)"
                >删除<el-icon><DeleteFilled /></el-icon
              ></el-button>
              <el-button type="warning" class="mr-5"
                >权限<el-icon><ElementPlus /></el-icon
              ></el-button>
            </template>
          </el-table-column>
        </el-table>
        <div style="padding: 10px 0">
          <el-pagination
            @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
            background
            layout="total, prev, pager, next"
            :current-page="currentPage"
            :page-size="pageSize"
            :total="tableData.length"
          >
          </el-pagination>
        </div>
        <!--添加新用户-->
        <el-dialog
          title="添加用户"
          v-model="centerDialogVisible"
          width="400px"
          center
        >
          <el-form
            :model="registerForm"
            status-icon
            :rules="rules"
            ref="registerForm"
            label-width="70px"
            class="demo-ruleForm"
          >
            <el-form-item label="用户名" prop="name" size="small">
              <el-input
                v-model="registerForm.name"
                placeholder="用户名"
              ></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="性别" size="small">
              <el-radio-group v-model="registerForm.sex">
                <el-radio :label="false">女</el-radio>
                <el-radio :label="true">男</el-radio>
              </el-radio-group>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="创建时间" prop="createTime" size="small">
              <el-date-picker
                type="date"
                placeholder="选择日期"
                v-model="registerForm.createTime"
                style="width: 100%"
              ></el-date-picker>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="地址" prop="address" size="small">
              <el-input
                v-model="registerForm.address"
                placeholder="地址"
              ></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
          </el-form>
          <template #footer>
            <span class="dialog-footer">
              <el-button size="small" @click="centerDialogVisible = false"
                >取 消</el-button
              >
              <el-button type="primary" size="small" @click="addPeople"
                >确 定</el-button
              >
            </span>
          </template>
        </el-dialog>
        <!-- 编辑弹出框 -->
        <el-dialog title="编辑" v-model="editVisible" width="400px">
          <el-form ref="form" :model="form" label-width="60px">
            <el-form-item label="用户名" size="small">
              <el-input v-model="form.name" :disabled="true"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>

            <el-form-item label="性别" size="small">
              <el-radio-group v-model="form.sex">
                <el-radio :label="false">女</el-radio>
                <el-radio :label="true">男</el-radio>
              </el-radio-group>
            </el-form-item>

            <el-form-item label="创建日期" prop="createTime" size="small">
              <el-date-picker
                type="date"
                placeholder="选择日期"
                v-model="form.createTime"
                style="width: 100%"
              ></el-date-picker>
            </el-form-item>
            <el-form-item label="地址" size="small">
              <el-input v-model="form.address"></el-input>
            </el-form-item>
          </el-form>
          <template #footer>
            <span class="dialog-footer">
              <el-button size="small" @click="editVisible = false"
                >取 消</el-button
              >
              <el-button type="primary" size="small" @click="saveEdit"
                >确 定</el-button
              >
            </span>
          </template>
          <!-- 删除提示框 -->
        </el-dialog>
        <DelDialog
          :delVisible="delVisible"
          @deleteRow="deleteRow"
          @cancelRow="delVisible = $event"
        ></DelDialog>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { HttpManager } from "../api/index";
import { getDateTime } from "../util/DataUtil";
import DelDialog from "@/components/DelDialog.vue";
import { mixin } from "../mixins/index"; 
import {
  Plus,
  Upload,
  Download,
  Search,
  Edit,
  DeleteFilled,
  ElementPlus,
} from "@element-plus/icons-vue";
export default {
name:'UserMsg',
mixins: [mixin],
components:{
     Plus,
    Upload,
    Download,
    Search,
    Edit,
    DeleteFilled,
    ElementPlus,
    DelDialog,
},
 data() {
    return {
      tableData: [],
      multipleSelection: [], // 记录要删除的用户信息
      centerDialogVisible: false,
      editVisible: false, // 显示编辑框
      delVisible: false, // 显示删除框
      select_word: "", // 记录输入框输入的内容
      pageSize: 10, // 页数
      currentPage: 1, // 当前页
      idx: -1, // 记录当前点中的行
      tempDate: [],
      is_Search: false,
      excelVisible: false,
      registerForm: {
        // 添加用户
        name: "",
        sex: "",
        createTime: "",
        address: "",
      },
      form: {
        // 记录编辑的信息
        id: "",
        name: "",
        sex: "",
        createTime: "",
        address: "",
        //updateTime: ''
      },
    };
  },
  computed: {
    // 计算当前表格中的数据
    datas() {
      return this.tableData.slice(
        (this.currentPage - 1) * this.pageSize,
        this.currentPage * this.pageSize
      );
    },
  },
  //模糊查询
  watch: {
    select_word() {
      if (this.select_word === "") {
        this.tableData = this.tempDate;
      } else {
        this.tableData = [];
        for (let item of this.tempDate) {
          if (item.name.includes(this.select_word) ) 
            {
            this.tableData.push(item);
          }
        }
      }
    },
  },
  created() {
    //获取分页数据信息
    this.getData();
  },
  methods: {
    // 获取用户信息
    getData() {
      this.tableData = [];
      this.tempDate = [];
      HttpManager.getAllUser().then((res) => {
        this.tableData = res;
        this.tempDate = res;
        this.currentPage = 1;
        console.log(this.tempDate)
      });
    },
    //重置搜索信息
    reSet() {
      this.select_word = "";
      this.getData();
    },

    // 添加用户
    addPeople() {
      let createTime = getDateTime(this.registerForm.createTime);
      let params = new URLSearchParams();
      params.append("name", this.registerForm.name);
      params.append("sex", this.registerForm.sex);
      params.append("createTime", createTime);
      params.append("address", this.registerForm.address);
      HttpManager.addUser(params)
        .then((res) => {
          if (res.code === 1) {
            this.getData();
            this.registerForm = {};
            this.$notify({
              title: "添加成功",
              type: "success",
            });
          } else {
            this.$notify({
              title: "添加失败",
              type: "error",
            });
          }
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          console.error(err);
        });
      this.centerDialogVisible = false;
    },
    // 分页
    // handleSizeChange(pageSize) {
    //   console.log(`每页 ${pageSize} 条`);
    //   this.pageSize = pageSize;
    //  // this.getData();
    // },
    handleCurrentChange(val) {
      this.currentPage = val;
    },

    // 编辑
    handleEdit(row) {
      this.idx = row.id;
      this.form = {
        id: row.id,
        name: row.name,
        sex: row.sex,
        createTime: row.createTime,
        address: row.address,
      };
      this.editVisible = true;
    },
    // 保存编辑
    saveEdit() {
      let datetime = getDateTime(new Date(this.form.createTime));
      let params = new URLSearchParams();
      params.append("id", this.form.id);
      params.append("name", this.form.name);
      params.append("sex", this.form.sex);
      params.append("createTime", datetime);
      params.append("address", this.form.address);
      HttpManager.updateUserMsg(params)
        .then((res) => {
          if (res.code === 1) {
            this.getData();
            this.$notify({
              title: "修改成功",
              type: "success",
            });
          } else {
            this.$notify({
              title: "修改失败",
              type: "error",
            });
          }
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          console.error(err);
        });
      this.editVisible = false;
    },
    // 确定删除
    deleteRow() {
      HttpManager.deleteUser(this.idx)
        .then((res) => {
          if (res) {
            this.getData();
            this.$notify({
              title: "删除成功",
              type: "success",
            });
          } else {
            this.$notify({
              title: "删除失败",
              type: "error",
            });
          }
        })
        .catch((error) => {
          console.error(error);
        });
      this.delVisible = false;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style>
/* 分页 */
.demo-pagination-block + .demo-pagination-block {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.demo-pagination-block .demonstration {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
</style>

2.2.8，简单配置一下router，这样运行项目后，localhst：8080访问进入到“/home”请求对应的组件界面（随便写一个即可）上，点击侧边栏上的用户管理就能跳转到对应的信息展示界面。

import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import HomePage from '@/view/HomePage'

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/',
    name: 'HomePage',
    component: HomePage,
    redirect: '/home',
    children: [
      {
        path: 'home',
        name: 'HomeTest',
        component: () => import('../components/HomeTest.vue')
      },
      {
        path: 'user',
        name: 'UserMsg',
        component: () => import('../view/UserMsg.vue')
      },
      {
        path: 'about',
        name: 'About',
        component: () => import('../components/AboutTest.vue')
      },
    ]
  },
]

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(process.env.BASE_URL),
  routes
})
export default router

2.2.9，在vue.config.js上通过chainWebpack配置后端代理地址，这样由于后端已经配置了跨域，前端就可以通过对后端的请求访问到后端对应的接口了。

const { defineConfig } = require('@vue/cli-service')
module.exports = defineConfig({
  transpileDependencies: true,
  chainWebpack: config => {
    config.plugin('define').tap(definitions => {
        Object.assign(definitions[0]['process.env'], {
          NODE_HOST: '"http://localhost:8090"',
        });
        return definitions;
    });
  }
})

2.3，项目运行及实现结果

前端通过 npm install 安装项目所需的依赖，然后npm run serve运行项目即可得到初始的HomePage界面。因为前端学的并不扎实，页面配色布局可能一言难尽……

展开导航主页，点击用户展示界面，得到相应界面，此时并没有数据展示，只有初始的一些界面 ，因为后端服务没有开启，数据获取不到。

 运行后端项目，重新刷新一下前端界面，数据通过element-plus中的el-pagination分页插件已经实现了分页效果。

并且该能实现一些基本增删改查操作，后端数据库的信息也会相应进行更改！

至此，简单的数据交互就实现了。 

四，简单总结 

这个测试项目还有一些小BUG正在完善中，还有一些实现的功能并没有完全放在博客中，这篇文章仅限于展示一些数据，实现前后端数据之间的交互。后期会继续完善成为一个简易的后台管理系统，供学习练习之用，项目会陆续上传到GitHub/Gitee上……有问题的地方希望大家指正交流，共同进步。

补充：

gitee项目地址

由于项目中涉及一些mysql以及mongodb的数据库，但是考虑比较简单，只是作为数据模拟使用的，因此没有放在项目中，前端也比较较简单没有放在gitee中，大家自行构建。