河北省邯郸四中高二英语人教版选修六《UUnit 1 Great Scientists》教案2.doc 55页

Unit 1 Great Scientists 一、单元学习目标导航 类别 新课标要求掌握的项目 话 题 1.How to organize scientific research 2.Contributions of science 语 言 知 识 目 标重点词汇 conclude, analyse, defeat, attend, expose, cure,announce, construct, construction, contribute, chart, positive, spin, enthusiastic, cautious, reject 词组 put forward, draw a conclusion, expose…to…, …to, prevent…from, apart from, (be) strict with /in, lead to, make sense 句 型 1. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 语 法 过分作定语和表语（The Past Participle(1)as the Attributive and Predicative） So many thousands of terrified people died .(Attribute) But he became inspired when he ….( Predicative) Describing people(characteristics and qualities) How will I recognise you? You can recognise me because… What will you wear? I will wear a … What do you look like? What special features do you have? I’m tall/short, fat/thin, young/old…. How will I know you? I have large /small, brown/green /green/ balck eyes with… 情感 文化 目标 了解如何通过考察、分析、探究的方法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病，感悟科学家的周密观察、勇于探索、认真分析的科学精神。 1. put forward 提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名 【经典例句】 He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary? 我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？ He puts forward several interesting plans. 他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划It’s an explanation often put forward by our friend. 这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。【】与put相关的其他短语put in打断；插嘴进港　　put off 推迟；延期 put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down写下put on weight发福 put out生产、扑灭【】She is ________ __________ some proposals for electoral reform. 她为选举制度改革提出了一些建议（答案：putting forward）【】1）conclude作及物动词，意为“结束；断定；决定”例如：conclude a speech/ an argument结束演说/争辩 We concluded not to go.我们决定不去（2）conclude作不及物动词，意为“结束；断定；决定”例如：to conclude（作插入语）最后（一句话） The meeting concluded with The International. 大会在国际歌歌声中结束【】1）conclusion （1）conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论”例如： At the conclusion of the ceremony在仪式终了时 （2）conclusion相关短语 reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总之 【经典例句】It is premature to make that conclusion.作出那种结论仍为时过早They showed little inclination to try conclusions with escaping raiders. 他们不想再跟落荒而逃的袭击者决个胜负I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 最后，我对我的东京之行说几句【】________, I’d like to say how much I’ve enjoyed staying in your beautiful country. A. To conclude B. To include C. In the conclude D. As conclusion (答案：A )defeatv. n.打败；战胜 【】defeat sb./sth.；be defeated【经典例句】 They were defeated in the football match.他们在足球赛中输了【】 1）defeat，beat与win作“打败”解时的区别:beat与defeat的宾语是“人”；defeat的宾语常指“敌人”，在“游戏或比赛”中则用beat；win后的宾语多用game，war，prize等词(注意win的宾语不能是人) 2）作“打”之意时 beat，hit与strike的区别：beat强调“连续地打”；hit表示“打一下”；而strike则表示“一次有力的打击”【】_ the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- Im not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county. A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained (答案：A) 4. expose vt.显露；露出；暴露；揭露；使曝光 【】expose sth. to sb.揭发 expose oneself to sb’s influence使自己受某人的影响。 expose…to…“把……暴露于……之下（之中），使……受到……作用” be exposed to view暴露无遗，被展示，暴露 be exposed to all kinds of weather经受风吹雨打To the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud揭穿骗局 【经典例句】He exposed the plot to the police. 他向警察揭发这个阴谋。 We expose the goods for sale.我们陈列商品以便推销【】The baby was left________ ___________ the wind and rain. 那个婴儿被离弃于风雨之中。 (答案：exposed to)【】absorb vt. 吸收；吸引 【】吸收（液体，气体，光，声等 汲取，理解（知识等） 使全神贯注；吸引（注意等）后常接介词in/by 合并（公司等）；吞并。常接介词into 承受；经受 be absorbed in=put one’s heart into专注；聚精会神absorb...from sth 从……吸收【经典例句】 Black cloth absorbs light. 黑布吸收光线。  Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。So many good ideas! It’s too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好主意！太多了，很难一下子完全吸收The old man was completely absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入这座城市【归纳拓展】absorbed adj.精神集中的 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的 absorb from sth.从……中吸收 be absorbed in专心于，全神贯注于 【】She was so _____ in her book that she didn’t notice it was raining.A. absorbed? B. attracted? C. drawn? D. concentrated 【答案】Ablame ①v.责备；指责②n. 过失，责任 【】blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备（此处不能用被动语态） accept/bear/take the blame for sth.对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人【经典例句】 The children were not to blame. 孩子们不应受到谴责。 Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. 很多孩子害怕说英语时犯错误而受责备 The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving. 警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶 【】：辨析blame和scoldblame 包含责骂之意；scold指唠唠叨叨的“数落” 【】 A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame （答案：A ） 7. link ① v. 把……与……连接；联系。② n. 联系；连接；环 The two towns are linked by a railway.这两个乡镇由一条铁路连接起来。 【】Link…with… Link…and….(together) Link…up… Lind…to… 8. contributev. 捐献；贡献；捐助 【】contribute to 捐献；贡献【经典例句】 Have you contributed any money to that church?你有没有给那个教堂捐一些钱？ 【】 【即学即用】Some of the most important achievements in physics ____________ their success to these mathematical systems. A. oblige B. owe C. contribute D. devote (答案：C ) 9. apart from 除……之外 【经典例句】 Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师’t suit me. 这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适 【】 1)from是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词。2)apart from也可以表示“脱离开”如：There can be no knowledge apart from practice. 没有知识能脱离实践。【归纳比较】 apart from/except for/except/except that /besides/in addition to 1）apart from在表“除……外（别无）”时相当于besides和except for,但apart from还有“除……以外（还）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。 2）except“除……”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除了……还”（包括其后的宾语）。另外，besides还可以作副词“并且，而且” 3）but for表示“如果不是由于……”之意（=If it were not for…或If it had not been for…）。 4) in addition to 相当于besides“除……之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内） 5）except that 后面跟句子，用来表示理由或细节 【】time. (5) _________that, everything goes well. (答案：except; except for/apart from; except that; Apart from/Besides; Apart from/Except for) 【】 A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides (答案：C ) 2.The suit fitted him well＿＿＿the colour was a little brighter.(2000年上海春季高考题) A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides (答案：B) 10. (be)strict with be strict with sb. be strict in sth. in the strict sense严格说来 strictly speaking 严格地说 例句：She is very strict not only _________all of us, but _________ all her own work.(C) A. in, with B. with, with C. with, in D. in,in 答案：C be strict with和be strict in都是“对……要求严格前者接人,后者接物make sense 讲得通；有道理 【经典例句】 Your story doesn’t make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白【】 如果想表示某人所说的话或提议，没道理、行不通。我们经常说：It doesn’t make any sense. 【】【】I tried to read it, the sentence didn’t ___________to me. A. understand B. make out C. turn out D. make sense (答案: D) 【】I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any ________ to me. (上海春季 2005) A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance 12. look into调查，了解，研究；朝……里面看 【经典例句】 He looks into her face with great interest. 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸’s look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it. 让我们一起来研究这个问题，想出解决的办法 【】look into与one’s face/eyes等连用，表示“注视” 【】和look组成的其他短语look around/round/about环顾四周　look after照顾；照料look back回头看look back + to/upon/on回顾；回想look down upon俯视；轻视　　　　　　　　look for寻求；寻找look forward to盼望　　　　　　　　　　look on旁观 look on/upon...as把……看作　　　　　　look out往外看；注意；当心look through透过……看；浏览　　　　　　look up抬头看；【】 The government has set up a working party to _______the problem of drug abe. A. look up B. look on C. look over D. look into (答案; D ) 【】It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out （答案：C ） 三、重点句型 1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每当（疾病）突发时，总有成千的人死去【剖析】 1）本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”，相当于“when”。 另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。2）So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。【拓展】 类似的时间状语归纳：1)each time 每次；每当 2)at the time 在……时候 3)any/next/the first/the last time 意为“任何/下一次/第一次【】I gave Mary the money when I saw her. I gave Mary the money __________ ____________ I saw her. (答案：the minute/the moment) 2．He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. 他对两个关于霍乱为什么能致人于死地的理论感兴趣【剖析】 1）how 引导的特殊疑问句是宾语从句。2）he interested in two theories explaining是主句。3）主句是“主系表”结构：在此处为系动词，意为“变得；成为”，表示的是动态过程， ill表示“患病；得病”。通常 be+形容词意为“病了；病着”，则表示静态除此之外，常见的系表结构还有：get tired意思是“感觉累，感觉疲惫”get happy, get angry；get lost(迷路)；get married(结婚)；get used to(习惯于)；get tired(累了)；get dressed(穿好衣服)；get angry(发怒) 。 “turn＋形容词”，“become＋形容词”，　“keep+形容词”。如：turn white(变白), become fatter and fatter(变得越来越胖), keep open(保持开着) 等等【拓展】1）在英语中，陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句都可以在宾语从句中充当宾语如：I don’t know what will happen in future.(由特殊疑问词引导)I wonder whether he lives here.（由whether或if引导）He told that he was very sad at that moment.（由that引导，that可以省略） 2）和系动词get组成的常见搭配有：【】Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.(NMET 1998) Suggest此处表示“暗示”。Suggest用法如下： suggest vt.建议，提议（所接从句用虚拟语气）。 ① suggest + doing 建议……。例如： May I suggest doing it in another way? 我建议换一种方式做这件事如何？ ② suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议……。例如： They suggested another shop to us. 他们向我们建议了另一家商店。 ③ suggest (to sb.) that (向某人)建议。例如： She suggested that we should have lunch at the new restaurant. 她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。 suggest vt.暗示，表明（所接从句不用虚拟语气）。 ① suggest sth. 暗示、表明……。例如： That girls sun-tanned face suggests excellent health. 那个姑娘被太阳晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。 ② suggest + that-clause 暗示、表明……。例如： Her expression suggested that he had told a lie 她的表情表明撒了慌。 ③ suggest sth. to sb. 使某人想起……。例如： An idea suggests itself to me. 我想到一个主意。 [拓展] suggestion, advice, proposal均作“建议”讲，所接同位语从句和表语从句也要用虚拟语气。例如： My suggestion is that we (should) go to the cinema together. 我建议我们一块儿去看电影。 My advice is that you (should) stay here for another week. 我建议你在这儿再待一个星期。 []1）The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.（2006上海春招） A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept [解析] suggest doing sth. 建议干某事。答案C。只有把太阳作为（太阳系）的中心，其他星球的运动才讲得通【剖析】 1）if 引导状语从句表“只有”。2)only 放在句首用来加强语气。3）以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要部分倒装。如：Only by working hard can we succeed. 只有通过努力工作，我们才能取得成功【拓展】 1）only 后如果后续的不是状语时句子不倒装，切忌！如：Only with him,　she can do it well.她只有和他合作，才能把它做得好。2）倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前；部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。如：Then came the chairman.（全部倒装）Never have I seen such a performance.（部分倒装）【】【】A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize (答案：D) 2）.______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008江苏，32） A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will (答案：A) 5．It seemed the water was to blame. [要点导航] “be十不定式”的用法1）主语为 dream， wish， idea， job，work， duty ，plan等名词时，“be to do”是系表结构，表示主语是什么。不定式表示的动作在渭语动词之后发生。如：His wish was to be a teacher．他的愿望是当一名老师。 Their plan is to finish building the house within a week. 他们的计划是在一周内完成这房子。 2）主语是“人”时，“be to do”表示主语（计划、意图、安排）干什么。如： Im to meet him at the station. 我将到火车站接他。 They are to be married. 他们将要结婚。 3)注定要发生的事。 He was later to be a great inventor.他后来注定要成为一名伟大的发明家。 [要点导航] blame vt. n. 谴责；归咎 take the blame for 为……承担责任 They blamed the failure of the action on George. 他们把此次行动失败归咎于乔治。 The company ____________________________________________________. 公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。 The car driver took the blame for the accident. 小汽车的司机承担了事故的责任。 be to blame 应受谴责 The children were not to blame. 孩子们不应受到谴责。 ____________________________________________________________________. 那次交通事故不应该责怪司机。 I am to blame. 是我不好。 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转 【剖析】 with the planets going round itwith + 宾语 + 宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。 【拓展】With + n./p ron. + 介词短语 He sat there with a smile on his face. (2) With + n./pron. + 副词 With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room. (3) With + n./pron. + 不定式 With so much work to do, he could not go home. (4) With + n./pron. + 现在分词 The street was quiet with no buses running. (5) With + n./pron. + 过去分词 In came a man with his hands tied back. (6) With + n./pron. + 形容词 He wrote a shirt, with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 注意：with的复合结构可以译为“随着……”，因此可以转换为以as引导的状语从句 【即学即用】句型转换 1）.With the sun rising, the day gets hotter. _________________________, the day gets hotter. (答案：As the sun rises) 2）.________our food ________, we had to walk to a village for help.（成都毕业班第一次诊断试题） A. Since; runs out B. Because; run out C. With; running out D. For; running out (答案：C) 3）. ---You should have prepared your speech for the meeting, Mrs Smith. ---Yes, I know .But how could I ______the meeting date fixed so soon .（2005东北三校联考） A. while B. as C. after D. with(答案：D) 4）.________ more and more forests damaged ,some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out .(2005石家庄市高三调研试题） A. As B. For C. With D. By(答案：C ) 【高考链接】 1.(NMET.2000) _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. ForC. With D. Through 【答案】C。 2. (Beijing. 2004) ________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Besides B. With C. As for D. Because of 【答案】B。 3. (全国I卷35. 2009)Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions taken ? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 【答案】C。 【解析】考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？ take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。 四、Teaching Steps（选摘修改） 1．Teaching Aims ①Get Ss to improve their reading abilities. ②Let Ss know the topic “Great scientists” ③Know some important phrases occurring in this reading 2．Teaching Procedures Step 1 Lead in Check Ss’ knowledge about some scientists and their discoveries. ①Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? Archimedes ②Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? Charles Darwin ③Who invented the first steam engine? Thomas Newcomen ④Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children? Gregor Mendel ⑤Who discovered radium? Maries Curie ⑥Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? Thomas Edison ⑦Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Leonardo da Vinci ⑧Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground? Sir Humphrey Davy ⑨Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? Zhang Heng ⑩Who put forward a theory about black holes? Stephen Hawking After all the questions, then lead in the passage with a picture. Ask ss if they know the map and what it is used for. Give them the answer later “It is a map to find out the cause of Cholera.” Step 2 Skim and Scan More questions are given to get the general ideas of this passage and some obvious facts. Who defeats “King Cholera“? John Snow What happened in 1854? Cholera outbreak hit London. How many people died in 10 days? 500 Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street? These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump. Step 3 Reading for details 1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first? Neither its cause, not its cure was understood. 2 Which theory did John Snow believe in? People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals. 3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________. gathering information with the help of a map looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t Both A and B (right choice) 4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore. Step 4 Fast reading: Read the passage silently and quickly and match the stages of an experiment with the paragraphs, You’ll be given 5 minutes. paragraph Stages in an experiment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key: （见课文和教师用书） The same with above: Find a problem draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make up a question Analyse the results Repeat if necessary Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Paragraph 2: Two theory Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 3: Think of a method: Test two theory Collect the result: Mark the death Analyze the result: Reason for death and no death Paragraph 4: Analyze the result: Find the resource of the water Paragraph 5: Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence. Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ Polluted water carried cholera Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera Step 5 Retell the passage （文章缩写仅供参考） Provide with a summary with some blanks. Let them retell the passage as well as pay attention to some important words. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks: John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. Key: （见课文和教师用书） Step 6 Homework Read the whole passage and retell. Go to the net to get more information about UK. 五、语法聚焦 过去分词作定语和表语 （The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative） 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征过去分词的定语和表语功能 定 语 表“完成”或“被动”boiled water开水fallen leaves落叶 the risen sun升起的太阳　　selected apples 精选苹果 spoken English英语口语　　 　iced beer冰镇啤酒cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆条 单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面 Hurry up，there is only a little time left. 快点，时间不多了。If you wish everything changed，please say so. 你如果希望改变一切，请说明。 过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(=which is filled with many books). 靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 表 语 当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)My glasses were broken by my son. 我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. 敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作) 1. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s______________ farming. 2. The little brave girl e _________________ the crime(罪行)of the criminal(罪犯). . He b ____________________ me for my negligence(疏忽大意). . I think you are too s_________________ on the boy. 5. He finished his work in a__________________(积极的) way. . He became____________________(狂热的) about classical music. . In the factory the workers______________(纺成线)wool into thread. . Be c_________________ when you cross the street. 9. You should not r_________________ the invitation from your old friend. 10. Britain_________________(议定) a trade agreement with China. . Dont ________________(暴露) your skin to the sun or you will be burned. 2. The most important thing is not to admit ________________(失败)- . Water and salt are _____________(吸收) into our blood stream everyday. . If a doctor or a medical treatment c__________ someones illness, they make the people well again. 15. If you a_____________ something, you consider it carefully or use some methods in order to fully understand it. （二）、完成句子 1. 除了这些理由以外，他无话可说了 ______________ ___________these reasons, he said nothing. 2. 特们将责备你离开他。 They will ____________ blame you ____________for leaving her. 3. 我们的英语老师对我们要求严格。 Our English teacher_____________ __________ ___________us.．让我们一起去听来自北京大学的李教授的演讲 Lets _____________the lecture by professor Li from Beijing University. . 他的粗心大意的驾驶导致了这起严重的交通事故。 His careless driving _________ ____________the serious traffic accident. . 他捐赠食物和衣服给红十字会。 He _____________ food and clothing __________the Red Cross._ ________ learning Chinese at the age of ten. 第二部分 (三)单项选择 1. From the boy’s _________ look, we can say it must be _________ news that he passed the exam. A. delighting; delighted B. delighted; delighting C. delighted; delighted D. delighting; delighting 2. The government ______the diplomatic note from Japan for its unclear attitude to the trade between two countries. A. denied B. refused C. rejected D. objected 3．— Please send us an e-mail _______ you arrive there. — I will. A. immediately B. the moment when C. immediately whenD. at the moment 4．The doctor has ________a new idea on the treatment, which is well thought of by his companions. A. come about B. put forward C. spoken up D. regarded as 5．The students are busy making preparations for the lecture because they will _____ the competition . A. attend B. join C. take part in D. attend to 6．Only when ________ in 1945 ________ to his hometown. A. was the war over; he returned B. the war was over; did he return C. the war was over; he returned D. was the war was over; did he return. 7．You should read the ______in the car repair manual（手册）carefully before you start to. A. instruction B. instructions C. introductions D. explanations 8．The bad weather was partly ________ for crop failure this year. A. blame B. to blame C. blaming D. to have blamed 9．—Can you work out the problem? —I can’t ______your explain how to do it. A. but for B. except C. apart from D. unless 10．________ a sentence before you can understand it correctly. A. Find B. Analyse C. Refer to D. Look up （四）、完形填空 阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 11___________ in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 12 __________on both sides with many 13 __________businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 14_________ __, some shops offered 15_________ .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 16___________ in the 1950s, a change began to 17 _________.Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 18__________ too few parking places were 19___________ shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 20__________ the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got 21___________ the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, 22__________ as a collection of small new stores 23__________ crowded city centres. 24_______ by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 25_________ areas to outlying malls. And the growing 26___________ of shopping centres led 27________ to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. 28__________ the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 29_________ of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 30_______ benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment. 11. A. As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier 12. A. built B. designed C. intended D. lined 13. A. varied B. various C. sorted D. mixed up 14. A. Apart from B. However C. In addition D. As well 15. A. medical careB. food C. cosmetics D. services 16. A. suddenly B. Abruptly C. Contrarily D. But 17. A. be taking placeB. take place C. be taken place D. have taken place 18. A. while B. yet C. though D. and then 19. A. available forB. available to C. used by D. ready for 20. A. over B. from C. out of D. outside 21. A. when B. while C. since D. then 22. A. started B. founded C. set up D. organized 23. A. out of B. away from C. next to D. near 24. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. Delighted D. Enjoyed 25. A. inner B. central C. shopping D. downtown 26. A. distinction B. fame C. popularity D. liking 27. A. on B. in turn C. by turns D. further 28. A. By B. During C. In D. Towards 29. A. cheapness B. readiness C. convenience D. handiness 30. A. because of B. and C. with D. provided （五）、阅读理解 A The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution. The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time. 31. _______, our world is becoming much smaller. A. Because of the rise in pollution B. Thanks to science development C. Because the earth is being polluted day and night D. Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year 32. Hundreds of years ago, life was __________ it is today. A. much easier than B. as easy as C. much harder than D. as hard as 33. Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here “it” means _______. A. rubbish(垃圾) B. noise pollution C. air pollution D. water pollution 34. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _______. A. it makes much noise B. it makes us angry more easily C. it makes our rivers and lakes dirty D. it’s bad for all living things in the world 35. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. B. The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world population does. C. The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth. D. If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2. B In far northern Mongolia, the living of the smallest ethnic group in the country—the Tsaatan community depends on a kind of animal－reindeer. An American named Morgan Keay visited the Tsaatan community when she was studying in Mongolia in 2002．Local leaders told her that the animals were not healthy and the number of reindeer was. getting too small to support the community. Back in the United States, Morgan Keay and a friend who had also studied in Mongolia started an organization. They named it Itgel－the Mongolian word for hope. The Itgel Foundation has helped bring foreign scientists to Mongolia to research and treat reindeer diseases. They also helped Tsaatan workers build a community and visitor center. The building includes guest rooms for tourists. The Tsaatan not only work as guides, they now provide services for travelers. The community works in partnership with international tour operators, who had formerly been in control of the services. People in the community designed the center, which they also own and manage. Before the visitor center was built, families earned an average of 100 dollars a year. Now Morgan Keay says the average is 3 to 4 times that. Money also goes into a community account. Four years ago the Tsaatan had fewer than 500 reindeer. Now the herd has already reached 900. Morgan Keay says the Tsaatan are becoming economically independent for the first time. The Mongolian government is now considering a development plan written by the community that deals with education, health, the environment and economics. 36．The writer mainly intends to convey the message that . A．tourism is not the key to local economy B．new ways can recover the Tsaatan community C．wildlife conservation is a major concern D．international cooperation makes a difference．With the help of Itgel, the Tsaatan did the following EXCEPT . A．building a community and visitor center B．providing services for travelers C．doing research treating reindeer diseases D．working as guides for tourists ．What if reindeer in the Tsaatan community have died out according to the passage? A．the Local people will lose economic resource. B．The Tsaatan community will have to move to another place. C．The Tsaatan community will also die out gradually. D．Another animal will be raised by the Tsaatan instead of reindeer. 39．The underlined word that in the fifth pa