如何使用Python3制作一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具
这篇文章主要介绍如何使用Python3制作一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
效果图
最近帮朋友写个简单爬虫，顺便整理了下，搞成了一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具，用来从笔趣阁爬取小说。
开发完成后的界面
采集过程界面
采集后存储
主要功能
1.多线程采集，一个线程采集一本小说
2.支持使用代理，尤其是多线程采集时，不使用代理可能封ip
3.实时输出采集结果
使用 threading.BoundedSemaphore() pool_sema.acquire() pool_sema.release() 来限制线程数量，防止并发线程过。具体限制数量，可在软件界面输入，默认5个线程
# 所有线程任务开始前
pool_sema.threading.BoundedSemaphore(5)
# 具体每个线程开始前 锁
pool_sema.acquire()
....
# 线程任务执行结束释放
pol_sema.release()
用到的第三方模块
pip install requests
pip install pysimplegui
pip install lxml
pip install pyinstaller
GUI 界面使用了一个tkinter 的封装库 PySimpleGUI, 使用非常方便，虽然界面不够漂亮，但胜在简单，非常适合开发些小工具。https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/比如这个界面的布局，只需简单几个 list
layout = [
[sg.Text('输入要爬取的小说网址，点此打开笔趣阁站点复制', font=("微软雅黑", 12),
key="openwebsite", enable_events=True, tooltip="点击在浏览器中打开")],
[sg.Text("小说目录页url,一行一个:")],
[
sg.Multiline('', key="url", size=(120, 6), autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, right_click_menu=['&Right', ['粘贴']]
)
],
[sg.Text(visible=False, text_color="#ff0000", key="error")],
[
sg.Button(button_text='开始采集', key="start", size=(20, 1)),
sg.Button(button_text='打开下载目录', key="opendir",
size=(20, 1), button_color="#999999")
],
[sg.Text('填写ip代理，有密码格式 用户名:密码@ip:端口，无密码格式 ip:端口。如 demo:123456@123.1.2.8:8580')],
[
sg.Input('', key="proxy"),
sg.Text('线程数量:'),
sg.Input('5', key="threadnum"),
],
[
sg.Multiline('等待采集', key="res", disabled=True, border_width=0, background_color="#ffffff", size=(
120, 6), no_scrollbar=False, autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, expand_y=True, font=("宋体", 10), text_color="#999999")
],
]打包为 exe 命令
pyinstaller -Fw start.py
全部源码
import time
import requests
import os
import sys
import re
import random
from lxml import etree
import webbrowser
import PySimpleGUI as sg
import threading
# user-agent
header = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.99 Safari/537.36"
}
# 代理
proxies = {}
# 删除书名中特殊符号
# 笔趣阁基地址
baseurl = 'https://www.xbiquwx.la/'
# 线程数量
threadNum = 6
pool_sema = None
THREAD_EVENT = '-THREAD-'
cjstatus = False
# txt存储目录
filePath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'txt'))
if not os.path.exists(filePath):
os.mkdir(filePath)
# 删除特殊字符
def deletetag(text):
return re.sub(r'[\[\]#\/\\:*\,;\?\"\'<>\|\(\)《》&\^!~=%\{\}@！：。·！￥……（） ]','',text)
# 入口
def main():
global cjstatus, proxies, threadNum, pool_sema
sg.theme("reddit")
layout = [
[sg.Text('输入要爬取的小说网址，点此打开笔趣阁站点复制', font=("微软雅黑", 12),
key="openwebsite", enable_events=True, tooltip="点击在浏览器中打开")],
[sg.Text("小说目录页url,一行一个:")],
[
sg.Multiline('', key="url", size=(120, 6), autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, right_click_menu=['&Right', ['粘贴']]
)
],
[sg.Text(visible=False, text_color="#ff0000", key="error")],
[
sg.Button(button_text='开始采集', key="start", size=(20, 1)),
sg.Button(button_text='打开下载目录', key="opendir",
size=(20, 1), button_color="#999999")
],
[sg.Text('填写ip代理，有密码格式 用户名:密码@ip:端口，无密码格式 ip:端口。如 demo:123456@123.1.2.8:8580')],
[
sg.Input('', key="proxy"),
sg.Text('线程数量:'),
sg.Input('5', key="threadnum"),
],
[
sg.Multiline('等待采集', key="res", disabled=True, border_width=0, background_color="#ffffff", size=(
120, 6), no_scrollbar=False, autoscroll=True, expand_x=True, expand_y=True, font=("宋体", 10), text_color="#999999")
],
]
window = sg.Window('采集笔趣阁小说', layout, size=(800, 500), resizable=True,)
while True:
event, values = window.read()
if event == sg.WIN_CLOSED or event == 'close': # if user closes window or clicks cancel
break
if event == "openwebsite":
webbrowser.open('%s' % baseurl)
elif event == 'opendir':
os.system('start explorer ' + filePath)
elif event == 'start':
if cjstatus:
cjstatus = False
window['start'].update('已停止...点击重新开始')
continue
window['error'].update("", visible=False)
urls = values['url'].strip().split("\n")
lenth = len(urls)
for k, url in enumerate(urls):
if (not re.match(r'%s\d+_\d+/' % baseurl, url.strip())):
if len(url.strip()) > 0:
window['error'].update("地址错误:%s" % url, visible=True)
del urls[k]
if len(urls) < 1:
window['error'].update(
"每行地址需符合 %s84_84370/ 形式" % baseurlr, visible=True)
continue
# 代理
if len(values['proxy']) > 8:
proxies = {
"http": "http://%s" % values['proxy'],
"https": "http://%s" % values['proxy']
}
# 线程数量
if values['threadnum'] and int(values['threadnum']) > 0:
threadNum = int(values['threadnum'])
pool_sema = threading.BoundedSemaphore(threadNum)
cjstatus = True
window['start'].update('采集中...点击停止')
window['res'].update('开始采集')
for url in urls:
threading.Thread(target=downloadbybook, args=(
url.strip(), window,), daemon=True).start()
elif event == "粘贴":
window['url'].update(sg.clipboard_get())
print("event", event)
if event == THREAD_EVENT:
strtext = values[THREAD_EVENT][1]
window['res'].update(window['res'].get()+"\n"+strtext)
cjstatus = False
window.close()
#下载
def downloadbybook(page_url, window):
try:
bookpage = requests.get(url=page_url, headers=header, proxies=proxies)
except Exception as e:
window.write_event_value(
'-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread().name, '\n请求 %s 错误，原因:%s' % (page_url, e)))
return
if not cjstatus:
return
# 锁线程
pool_sema.acquire()
if bookpage.status_code != 200:
window.write_event_value(
'-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread().name, '\n请求%s错误，原因:%s' % (page_url, page.reason)))
return
bookpage.encoding = 'utf-8'
page_tree = etree.HTML(bookpage.text)
bookname = page_tree.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/h2/text()')[0]
bookfilename = filePath + '/' + deletetag(bookname)+'.txt'
zj_list = page_tree.xpath(
'//div[@class="box_con"]/div[@id="list"]/dl/dd')
for _ in zj_list:
if not cjstatus:
break
zjurl = page_url + _.xpath('./a/@href')[0]
zjname = _.xpath('./a/@title')[0]
try:
zjpage = requests.get(
zjurl, headers=header, proxies=proxies)
except Exception as e:
window.write_event_value('-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread(
).name, '\n请求%s:%s错误，原因:%s' % (zjname, zjurl, zjpage.reason)))
continue
if zjpage.status_code != 200:
window.write_event_value('-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread(
).name, '\n请求%s:%s错误，原因:%s' % (zjname, zjurl, zjpage.reason)))
return
zjpage.encoding = 'utf-8'
zjpage_content = etree.HTML(zjpage.text).xpath('//div[@id="content"]/text()')
content = "\n【"+zjname+"】\n"
for _ in zjpage_content:
content += _.strip() + '\n'
with open(bookfilename, 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as fs:
fs.write(content)
window.write_event_value(
'-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread().name, '\n%s:%s 采集成功' % (bookname, zjname)))
time.sleep(random.uniform(0.05, 0.2))
# 下载完毕
window.write_event_value('-THREAD-', (threading.current_thread(
).name, '\n请求 %s 结束' % page_url))
pool_sema.release()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()以上是“如何使用Python3制作一个带GUI界面的小说爬虫工具”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！希望分享的内容对大家有帮助，更多相关知识，欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道！
